Shooting the Biggest Guns Money Can Buy | The Big Sandy Shoot

Steve Reichert Sniper 1 mile kill shot p1

AUG A3-CQC ASSAULT RIFLE!!!

Steyr TMP

The Steyr TMP (Taktische Maschinenpistole/Tactical Machine Pistol) is a select-fire 9x19mm Parabellum caliber machine pistol manufactured by Steyr Mannlicher of Austria. The Magazines come in 15, 20, or 30 round detachable box types. Asuppressor can also be fitted. The Steyr SPP is the civilian variant of the TMP which has no foregrip and is capable of semi-automatic fire only.

In 2001, Steyr sold the design to Brügger & Thomet^[2] who developed it into the Brügger & Thomet MP9.^[3]The Steyr SPP (Special Purpose Pistol) is a semi-automatic variant of the TMP. The TMP's barrel and barrel jacket lengths were increased slightly so there is a greater length of protruding jacket and barrel. The forward tactical handle was removed and a small Picatinny rail installed on the forward handguard instead. It is somewhat large for a pistol and is constructed mainly from synthetic materials.^[4]

M14

M14 rifle, officially the United States Rifle, 7.62 mm, M14,^[5] is an American selective fire automatic rifle that fires7.62×51mm NATO (.308 Winchester) ammunition. It was the standard issue U.S. rifle from 1959 to 1970.^[6] The M14 was used for U.S. Army and Marine Corps basic and advanced individual training, and was the standard issue infantry rifle for U.S. military personnel in the Contiguous United States, Europe, and South Korea, until it was replaced by the M16 rifle, in 1970. The rifle remains in limited front line service within all branches of the U.S. military. It is also used as a ceremonial weapon by honor guards, color guards, drill teams, ceremonial guards, and the like.

The M14 rifle was also the last American "battle rifle" (weapons that fire full-power rifle ammunition, such as the7.62×51mm) issued in quantity to U.S. military personnel. The M14 also provides the basis for the M21 and M25 sniper rifles.

Vector

The patented KRISS system virtually eliminates felt recoil and muzzle climb providing superior operator control and more rounds on-target more of the time.

Package standard equipment includes an adjustable folding stock, top/bottom Picatinny Rails, ambidextrous F/S controls, custom flip-up iron sights, mini-cleaning kit, light receptacle cover for optional Surefire Executive Series lights, cable lock and one MagEx 25+ Extended Glock 21 magazine.

The SMG is only available for law enforcement departments and/or agencies and military organizations.

The SMG is available with either a 5.5” or 6.5” threaded or unthreaded barrel.

UMP45

The UMP is a blowback operated, magazine-fed submachine gun firing from aclosed bolt.^[3]

As originally designed, the UMP is chambered for larger cartridges (.45 ACPand .40 S&W) than other submachine guns like the MP5, to provide morestopping power against unarmored targets (with slightly lower effectiveness at longer range) than the MP5 (largely offered in 9x19mm, albeit with short-lived production of 10mm Auto and .40 S&W variants). A larger cartridge produces more recoil, and makes control more difficult in fully automatic firing. To mitigate this, the cyclic rate of fire was reduced to 650 rounds/min (600 rounds/min for the UMP45), which makes it one of the slower firing submachine guns on the market.

The UMP9 (the 9x19mm version of the UMP) is almost 0.2 kilograms (0.44 lb) lighter than its MP5 counterpart. Its predominantly polymer construction reduces both its weight and the number of parts susceptible to corrosion.

The UMP is available in four trigger group configurations, featuring different combinations of semi-automatic, 2-round burst, fully automatic, and safesettings. It features a side-folding buttstock to reduce its length during transport. When the last round of the UMP is fired, the bolt locks open, and can be released via a catch on the left side. The standard viewing sights are composed of an aperture rear sight and a front ring with a vertical post. It can mount fourPicatinny rails (one on top of the receiver, and one on the right, left, and the bottom of the handguard) for the attachment of accessories such as optical sights, flashlights, or laser sights. Vertical fore-grips can be attached to the bottom rail for increased control during burst and automatic fire.

Rpd

History

Work on the weapon commenced in 1943. Three prominent Soviet engineers were asked to submit their own designs:Vasily Degtyaryov, Sergei Simonov and Alexei Sudayev. Among the completed prototypes prepared for evaluation, the Degtyaryov design proved superior and was accepted into service with the Soviet armed forces as the 7.62 mm Ручной Пулемёт Дегтярёва, PПД (RPD, Ruchnoy Pulemyot Degtyaryova or "Degtyaryov light machine gun") model 1944. Although the RPD was ready for mass production during the final stages of World War II, large scale delivery of the weapon did not begin until 1953.^[1] During the Vietnam War, the RPD served the Vietcong as their standard general-purpose machine gun.

After the introduction of the Kalashnikov-pattern support weapons such as the RPK and PK machine guns in the 1960s, the RPD was withdrawn from most first-tier units of the former Warsaw Pact. However, the RPD remains in active service in many African and Asian nations. Apart from the former Soviet Union, the weapon was manufactured in China (as the Type 56 LMG), Egypt, North Korea (Type 62) and since 1956—Poland.

P90

The FN P90 is a selective fire personal defense weapon (PDW) designed and manufactured by FN Herstal in Belgium.^[9]The P90's name is taken from 1990, the year it was introduced.^[4] The P90 was created in response to NATO requests for a replacement for 9×19mm Parabellum firearms; it was designed as a compact but powerful firearm for vehicle crews, operators of crew-served weapons, support personnel, special forces and counter-terrorist groups.^[9][10]

The P90 was designed by FN in conjunction with the FN Five-seven pistol and FN 5.7×28mm ammunition.^[4] Development of the P90 began in 1986, and production commenced in 1990, whereupon the 5.7×28mm ammunition was redesigned and shortened.^[1] A modified version of the P90 with a magazine adapted to use the new ammunition was introduced in 1993, and the Five-seven pistol was subsequently introduced as a companion weapon using the same 5.7×28mm ammunition.^[11]

The P90 was developed and initially marketed as a personal defense weapon, but it could also be considered asubmachine gun or compact assault rifle.^[12] Featuring a compact bullpup design with an integrated reflex sight and fullyambidextrous controls, the P90 is an unconventional weapon with a futuristic appearance.^[12] Its design incorporates several innovations such as a unique top-mounted magazine and FN's small-caliber, high-velocity 5.7×28mm ammunition.^[12]

The P90 is currently in service with military and police forces in over 40 nations, such as Austria, Brazil, Canada, France, India, Malaysia, Poland, and the United States.^[13] In the United States, the P90 is in use with over 200 law enforcement agencies, including the U.S. Secret Service.^[14] The standard selective fire P90 is restricted to military and law enforcement customers, but since 2005, a semi-automatic carbine version has been offered to civilian shooters as the PS90.^[15]

The Ultimax Machine Gun

Is this crash

Galil

The Galil series of rifles are selective fire weapons operated by a Kalashnikov-pattern gas-driven piston system with no regulator. The weapon is locked with a rotary bolt with two locking lugs that lock into recesses milled into the receiver.

When fired, a portion of the propellant gases are evacuated into the gas cylinder through a 1.8 mm (0.07 in) port, drilled at a 30° angle in the barrel, and a channel in the gas block. The high-pressure gases drive the piston rod (which is attached to the bolt carrier) rearward. During this rearward movement, a cam slot machined into the bolt carrier engages a cam pin on the bolt and rotates the bolt, unlocking the action. The arrangement of parts on the bolt carrier assembly provides for a degree of free travel, allowing gas pressure in the barrel to drop to a safe level before unlocking. To the immediate rear of the chrome-plated piston head is a notched ring which provides a reduced bearing surface and alleviates excess gas build-up. As the bolt carrier travels back, it compresses the return spring guided in a hollowed section of the bolt carrier and the return energy contained in the spring drives the moving assembly back forward, stripping a new round from the magazine and locking the action. The cocking handle is attached to the bolt carrier on the right side of the receiver and reciprocates with each shot; the handle is bent upwards allowing for operation with the left hand while the shooting hand remains on thepistol grip.The Galil is hammer-fired and has a trigger mechanism patterned after the trigger used in the American M1 Garand.^[2] The rifle's fire has three positions: "R" (British terminology for "repetition" or semi-automatic fire); the middle position, "A", produces fully automatic fire; and pushing the lever fully forward will activate the safety.

The Galil prototypes used a stamped and riveted sheet metal steel receiver, but due to the higher operating pressures of the 5.56x45mm cartridge, this solution was discarded and the designers turned to a heavy milled forging. As a testament to its heritage, early prototypes were fabricated using Valmet Rk 62receivers manufactured in Helsinki.^[2] All exterior metal surfaces are phosphatedfor corrosion resistance and then coated with a black enamel (except for the barrel, gas block and front sight tower).

The weapon is fitted with a high-impact plastic handguard and pistol grip and a side-folding (folds to the right side) tubular steel skeleton stock. The rifle can be used with a sound suppressor. The weapon features a bottle opener in the front handguard and wire cutter built into the bipod. The bottle opener feature was included to prevent damage to magazines being used to open bottles, due to the large civilian reservist components of the IDF. Use of magazines to open bottles was a common source of magazine lip damage with Uzi submachine guns. Wire cutters were included to reduce the time necessary for IDF troops to cut down wire fences common to rural areas in Israel.

AUG

The rifle features an Spz-kr type progressive trigger (pulling the trigger halfway produces semi-automatic fire, pulling the trigger all the way to the rear produces fully automatic fire) and a safety mechanism (cross-bolt, button type), located immediately above the hand grip.^[5] In its “safe” position (white dot) the trigger is mechanically disabled; pressing the safety button to the left exposes a red dot and indicates the weapon is ready to fire. Some versions have an ALO or "automatic lockout", a small projection at the base of the trigger. This was first included on the Irish Defence Forces variant of the rifle, and soon after, the Australian Defence Forces variant. In the exposed position the ALO stops the trigger being squeezed past the semi-automatic position. If needed, the ALO can be pushed up to permit automatic fire.^[6]

The rifle is fed from translucent, double-column box magazines (molded from a high-strength polymer) with a 30-round capacity and an empty weight of 130 g (4.6 oz). The light machine gun version of the AUG uses an extended 42-round magazine. An Argentine version of the FN FAL chambered in 5.56 mm NATO and known as the FALMP III Type 2 also used the AUG magazine.

Integrated with the receiver casting is a fixed carry handle that contains a 1.5x telescopic sight made by Swarovski Optik.^[5] It contains a simple black ring reticle with a basic rangefinder that is designed so that at 300 m (984.3 ft) a 180 cm (5.9 ft) tall man-size target will completely fill it, giving the shooter an accurate method of estimating range. The sight cannot be set to a specific range but can be adjusted for windage and elevation for an initial zero and is designed to be calibrated for 300 m. When so set, aiming at the centre of a target will produce a hit at all ranges out to 300 m. The rifle also has a back-up iron sight with a rear notch and front blade, cast into the top of the aluminum optical sight housing, used in case of failure or damage to the primary optical sight. The sight is also equipped with a set of three illuminated dots (one on the front blade and two at the rear) for use in low-level lighting conditions. In order to mount a wide range of optics and accessories, a receiver with a NATO-standard Picatinny rail and detachable carry handle was also developed and introduced in 1997.

Three-pronged, open-type flash suppressors were used on the 350 mm (13.8 in), 407 mm (16.0 in) and 508 mm (20.0 in) length barrels, whereas the 621 mm (24.4 in) light machine gun barrel received a closed-type ported muzzle device (combination flash suppressor and compensator) and an integral, lightweight folding bipod. The flash suppressors are screwed to the muzzle and internally threaded to take a blank-firing attachment.

The rifle comes standard with four magazines, a muzzle cap, spare bolt for left-handed shooters, blank-firing adaptor, cleaning kit, sling and either an American M7 or German KCB-77 M1 bayonet.

Barret .50

Barrett Firearms Manufacturing was founded by Ronnie Barrett for the sole purpose of building semi-automatic rifles chambered for the powerful12.7×99mm NATO (.50 BMG) ammunition, originally developed for and used inM2 Browning machine guns. Barrett began his work in the early 1980s and the first working rifles were available in 1982, hence the designation M82. Barrett designed every single part of the weapon personally and then went on to market the weapon and mass produce it out of his own pocket. He continued to develop his rifle through the 1980s, and developed the improved M82A1 rifle by 1986.

The first conventional military success was the sale of about 100 M82A1 rifles to the Swedish Army in 1989. Major success followed in 1990, when the United States armed forces purchased significant numbers of the M82A1 during operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm in Kuwait and Iraq. About 125 rifles were initially bought by the United States Marine Corps, and orders from the Army and Air Force soon followed. The M82A1 is known by the US military as the SASR—"Special Applications Scoped Rifle", and it was and still is used as an anti-materiel rifle and explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) tool. The long effective range, over 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) (1.1 miles), along with high energy and availability of highly effective ammunition such asAPI and Raufoss Mk 211, allows for effective operations against targets like radar cabins, trucks, parked aircraft and the like. The M82 can also be used to defeat human targets from standoff range or against targets behind cover.^{[citation needed]} However, anti-personnel use is not a major application for the M82 (or any other .50 BMG rifle, for that matter^{[citation needed]}). There is a widespread misconception that a number of treaties have banned use of the .50 BMG against human targets. However, the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's office has issued a legal opinion that the .50 BMG and even the Raufoss Mk 211 round are legal for use against enemy personnel.^{[citation needed]}

Further development led to the M82A2 bullpup rifle in 1987, which was a reduced-recoil design to be fired from the shoulder. It failed to make an impression on the world firearms market, and was soon dropped from production. However, in 2006, Barrett completed development of the XM500, which has a bullpup configuration similar to the M82A2.

The latest derivative of the M82 family is the M82A1M rifle, adopted by U.S. Marine Corps as the M82A3 SASR and bought in large numbers. This rifle differs from M82A1 in that it has a full length Picatinny rail that allows a wide variety of scopes and sighting devices to be mounted on the rifle. Other changes are the addition of a rear monopod, slightly lightened mechanism, and detachable bipod and muzzle brake.

Another variant of the original weapon is the M82A1A Special Application Scoped Rifle, an almost identical model but specifically designed to fire the Raufoss Mk 211 Mod 0 round, a type of API (Armour Piercing Incendiary) ammunition.

Desert Eagle .50AE shooting

he Israel Military Industries Desert Eagle is a large-framed gas-operated semi-automatic pistol designed by Magnum Research in the US. Over the past 25 years, MRI has been responsible for the design and development of the Desert Eagle pistol. The design was refined and the actual pistols were manufactured by Israel Military Industries until 1995, when MRI shifted the manufacturing contract to Saco Defense in Saco, Maine. In 1998, MRI moved manufacturing back to IMI, which later reorganized under the name Israel Weapon Industries. Both Saco and IMI/IWI were strictly contractors: all of the intellectual property, including patents, copyrights and trademarks, are the property of Magnum Research. Since 2009, the Desert Eagle Pistol has been produced in the USA at MRI’s Pillager, MN facility.^[2] Kahr Arms acquired Magnum Research in the middle of 2010.^[3] The Desert Eagle has been featured in roughly 500 motion pictures and TV films, considerably increasing its popularity and boosting sales.^[4]

Magnum Research has marketed various versions of the short recoil Jericho 941 pistol under the Baby Eagle and Desert Eagle Pistol names; these have no functional relationship to the Desert Eagle and bear only a moderate cosmetic resemblance.^[5]

Air Power , modern rifle

Modern air rifles are extremely accurate and durable. Cost per shot is low, making them ideal for training. For more than 50 years I’ve never been without at least one spring-piston air rifle.

My favorites are those of relatively modest power, such as .177 calibers with velocities in the 500 or 600 fps range. The rifles are fairly light, easy to cock, pleasant to shoot. They have all the power I need for controlling pests (mainly sparrows) around the farm, without damaging the barn and machine shed.

Just as with cartridge rifles, the lure of velocity and power is irresistible to many shooters. Certainly I get the attraction of 1,000+ fps power. Developing such power with a spring-piston rifle requires a powerful spring and a heavy receiver to contain it. The rifles tend to be heavy, difficult to cock, and hard on scopes.

One solution is two rifles, a 500 to 600 fps model for training and plinking, and a 1,000+ fps hunting model. Another is to select a Pre-Charged Pneumatic (PCP) design. Some PCP rifles, such as those used in Olympic competition, are among the most highly developed, sophisticated rifles ever made.

Airforce airguns offer an outstanding line of PCP rifles. They are extremely well made. Considering the exceptional design, workmanship, and performance they are reasonably priced. They are virtually impossible to wear out with normal use. With no heavy power plant, the rifles are light compared to spring-piston rifles of comparable power.

PCP rifles have several advantages. For one, they are virtually recoilless. They don’t have the peculiar “double-shuffle” recoil of spring-piston designs, which is so hard on conventional scopes. With PCP rifles you can use any scope you’d use on a cartridge rifle.
Airforce rifles such as the Condor model allow the shooter to easily adjust power level, from 600 fps to as high as 1,250 fps, depending on caliber and pellet weight.

Since recoil isn’t a factor, why not just run at full power all the time? The principle advantage of reduced velocity is more shots per reservoir fill. In .22 caliber, a filled reservoir will give around 50 to 60 full-power shots, compared to 300 to 500 at reduced power.

For training, 10-meter competition, or small-pest control there’s no need for more than 600 fps. It’s more fun to be shooting than filling the air tank. But if you do need the power, for small game hunting or extended range shooting, just dial it in.

The .22 Condor rifle I’ve been shooting exudes quality in every respect. The barrel is by Lothar Walther, a company known for fine custom barrels. Trigger pull is 2-stage, with smooth take-up followed by a crisp break less than 3 pounds. The trigger piece itself is adjustable for position to suit individual shooters.

A rifle for many roles

A Rifle For Many Roles.

Brothers Mark and Chuck Larson combined 40 years of experience in the firearm business to found Rock River Arms (RRA) in 1996. Their initial product focus consisted of custom 1911 pistols before they turned their attention to AR-style rifles. The attention to detail associated with creating match-grade 1911s was soon transferred over to AR production methods. RRA’s goal with the AR-style rifle is the utmost reliability combined with accuracy, thus wringing the most out of Stoner’s original design. These two objectives are often at odds with each other. The tight tolerances associated with accuracy can hinder reliability if not applied properly. Improving fit and finish, including using a forged receiver, allows RRA to set itself apart from the majority of AR manufacturers in existence today. RRA quality control was quickly rewarded within only a few years of emerging on the AR scene. RRA’s operating methodology was quickly brought to the forefront by winning contracts to provide RRA AR rifles to the DEA and FBI. This has been followed since with other contracts for federal, state, and local law enforcement entities.

My familiarity with Rock River Arms stretches back nearly a dozen years, beginning with a Rock River Arms A4 Varmint I took on a prairie dog expedition. This was before AR rifles were as common afield as they are now. My decision has been more than justified, based on numerous trips back to Nebraska/South Dakota with no problems experienced ever in terms of .5″ to .75″ accuracy and maintaining reliability.

The exponential growth of AR popularity and Rock River’s involvement in this progression has been amazing to witness. Rock River Arms definitely has “skin” in the AR game with numerous models and calibers. They offer multiple models in various calibers in the AR genre including 7.62x51mm/.308 Win, 9mm, 6.8 SPC, .458 SOCOM and new for 2012, the 7.62x39mm. Rock River Arms has even introduced a piston-driven AR in the form of the LAR-PDS.

Night Vision

Keep both superior daytime and nighttime visibility with the new Firefield N-Vader 1-3x Digital Night Vision Monocular.

Ideal for virtually any outdoor activity, the N-Vader monocular delivers high quality digital imaging at a considerable distance.

This modern product line offers quick and easy operation. Engineered with an ergonomic, easy-grip design, the unit can be easily hand held, decreasing the chances of being dropped. With both day and night capabilities, the N-Vader monocular is perfect for camping, hiking, bird watching, general observation or even home security.

“The N-Vader monocular is an exciting addition to Firefield,” said Product Development Manager Jonathan Horton. “It capitalizes where competitors fail, providing desired features that have yet to be delivered to the market. Features such as a variable magnification and a day-and-night mode are just a few of the many advancements the N-Vader monocular has to offer.”

Equipped with a 1,000 mW infrared illuminator and high resolution camera, the 1-3x monocular delivers a bright, clear image no matter how dark the conditions, while its durable, compact body makes for easy travel. Additionally, the adjustable gain control allows the user to change the brightness of the image.

With a viewing distance of up to 150 feet, users get a wide-range view of their target. The user-friendly video output feature allows for the image to be viewed or recorded on a monitor, TV or DVR. Equipped with an automatic shut off feature, the unit turns off after a period of non-use, saving battery life.

Rifle

In the hunting and shooting world, quality gear seldom comes cheap.

This spring, you have the chance to Instantly Save on a quality Nikon rimfire riflescope if you take advantage of the Rock Your Rimfire promotion. From March 10 through April 21, 2013, Nikon is offering a $30 Instant Savings on five different rimfire-specific scopes.

Nikon’s Rock Your Rimfire promotion includes the following models:

• Part # Model MSRP Price After Instant Savings
• 6718 PROSTAFF Rimfire 4×32 Nikoplex $109.95 $79.95
• 6725 PROSTAFF Rimfire 3-9×40 BDC 150 $149.95 $119.95
• 6734 PROSTAFF Target EFR 3-9×40 $189.95 $159.95
• 8498 P-22 2-7×32 Nikoplex $179.95 $149.95
• 8499 P-22 2-7×32 BDC 150 $179.95 $149.95

For more information about Nikon’s Rock Your Rimfire promotion, including terms and conditions, please visit nikonpromo.com.

All Nikon riflescopes are optimized for use with Spot On Ballistic Match Technology. The Spot On program provides users with exact aiming points on the BDC reticle for any load or ammunition at a specified range. Spot On is free online at nikonhunting.com/spoton but it can also be purchased for mobile devices, including the iPhone, iPad and Android platforms.

Nikon Inc. is the U.S. distributor of Nikon sports and recreational optics, world-renowned Nikon 35mm cameras, digital cameras, speedlights and accessories, Nikkor lenses and electronic imaging products.

Ruger

In a joint venture, Ruger and Federal brought out the 327 magnum in the Ruger revolver.

Ruger brought out various models including the SP 101 and GP 100 in various barrel lengths from 3 to 6”.

The Ruger single action is built like a safe, sharing the same frame as the 357 model. The idea is to produce a compact powerful self defense handgun that is better then a 38 special. The cartridge is 1/8” longer then the 32 H & R mag which will prevent it from being chambered in an older 32 revolver.

With its 45,000 PSI working pressure it would destroy an older gun if you somehow managed to chamber it in one of them.

Ruger sent me a single action Blackhawk Revolver in stainless steel with a 5 &1/2” barrel which I thought would be a good trail gun or home defense revolver.

There are two things that I found out when working with it over a period of time.

• The first it is one potent round with factory or similar handloads. When you get a 100 grain hollow point going over 1500 FPS that should be a good defense load against a two or four legged predator.
• The other thing I found out is that it is very versatile. I have shot many loads from plinkers to serious stopping ammo and the revolver handles them all.

Cast bullets work fine and they are economical to shoot and practice with. Some people might turn up their nose at a single action for defense but such thinking is nonsense. A little practice and a cylinder that holds 8 rounds will give me plenty of confidence that I can handle anything that may come up.

45ACP

Fans of the classic .45ACP should be sure to tune in to this week’s show Paul takes a close look at the Colt Combat Elite M1911 .45 ACP pistol.

In the concealed carry department we have a three product round-up for you as we examine some new holsters from our friends at Comp-Tac Victory Gear.

As we like to do, Student of the Gun was on the road again to Texas. We visited with our friend Bill Wilson on the Circle WC Ranch. Bill and Paul sat down to talk about hog hunting and discuss why shot placement on a hog and shot placement on a whitetail deer are not the same.

In the training department we’ll consider the value of using a .22LR pistol, such as the new S&W MP22, for practical handgun training. Two young men recently ran through our SOTG University course using those pistols. And finally, just for fun we take an in depth look at the Uzi carbine from Century Arms during our Guns of Gaming segment.

SMOKE GRENADE

Smoke grenades are canister-type grenades used as ground-to-ground or ground-to-air signaling devices, target or landing zone marking devices, or as screening devices for unit movements. Smoke grenades are normally considered non-lethal, although incorrect use may cause death. The body consists of a sheet steel cylinder with a four emission holes on top and one on the bottom to allow smoke release when the grenade is ignited. The filler consists of 250 to 350 grams of colored (red, green, orange, gray, yellow, blue, white, black, or violet) smoke composition (mostly potassium chlorate, lactose, and a dye). The reaction is exothermic and grenade casings will often remain scalding hot for some time even after the grenade is no longer emitting smoke.

Another type of smoke grenade is the bursting variation. These are filled with white phosphorus (WP), which is spread by explosive action. White phosphorus catches fire in the presence of air, and burns with a brilliant yellow flame, while producing copious amounts of white smoke (phosphorus pentoxide). These double as incendiary grenades, and a variant of these are also launched from infantry-portable or armored fighting vehicle-mounted grenade launchers. Users must also be wary of wind direction when using smoke grenades.

Smoke grenades should not be confused with smoke bombs, which are typically started with an external fuse rather than a pin. Smoke grenades often cost around $40 USDcompared to smoke bombs, which can often cost just a few cents. Smoke grenades generally emit a far larger amount of smoke than smoke bombs that are sold as fireworks.

Stun Grenade

A stun grenade, also known as a flash grenade or flashbang, is a non-lethal explosive device used to temporarily disorient an enemy's senses. It is designed to produce a blinding flash of light and loud noise without causing permanent injury. It was first developed by the British Army's SAS in the 1960s.^[1]

The flash produced momentarily activates all photoreceptor cells in the eye, making vision impossible for approximately five seconds, until the eye restores itself to its normal, unstimulated state. The loud blast causes temporary loss of hearing, and also disturbs the fluid in the ear, causing loss of balance.

The concussive blast of the detonation can still injure, and the heat created can ignite flammable materials such as fuel. The fires that occurred during the Iranian Embassy Siege in London were caused by stun grenades.

Hand Grenade

A hand grenade is any small bomb that can be thrown by hand. A variety of types of hand grenades exist, with explosive grenades designed to detonate after impact or after a set amount of time the most commonly used in modern warfare.

Grenadiers were originally soldiers who specialized in throwing grenades.Anti-personnel fragmentation grenades are weapons that are designed to disperse lethal fragments upon detonation. The body is generally made of a hard synthetic material or steel, which will provide some fragmentation as shards and splinters, though in modern grenades a pre-formed fragmentation matrix is often used. The pre-formed fragmentation may be spherical, cuboid, wire or notched wire. Most AP grenades are designed to detonate either after a time delay or on impact.^[2]

When the word grenade is used without specification, and context does not suggest otherwise, it is generally assumed to refer to a fragmentation grenade.

Anti-personnel fragmentation grenades can be divided into two main types, defensive and offensive, where the former are designed to be used from a position of cover, (e.g. in a slit trench or behind a suitable wall,) and have an effective radius greater than the distance it can be thrown, while the latter are for assaulting troops and have a smaller effective fragmentation radius.

Modern fragmentation grenades such as the United States M67 grenade have a wounding radius of 15 m (half that of older style grenades, which can still be encountered) and can be thrown about 40 m. Fragments may travel more than 200 m.^[3]

C-4 ( explosive )

C-4 or Composition C-4 is a common variety of the plastic explosive known as Composition C.

C4 is composed of explosives, plastic binder, plasticizer and usually a marker or odorizing taggant chemical such as 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMDNB) to help detect the explosive and identify its source.^[1]

The explosive in C4 is RDX (cyclonite or cyclotrimethylene trinitramine), which makes up around 91% of C4 by mass.^[1]The plasticizer is diethylhexyl (5.3%)^[1] or dioctyl sebacate and the binder is usually polyisobutylene (2.1%).^[1] Another plasticizer used is dioctyl adipate (DOA). A small amount of SAE 10 non-detergent motor oil (1.6%) is also added.^[1] C4 is manufactured by combining the noted ingredients with binder dissolved in a solvent. The solvent is then evaporated and the mixture dried and filtered. The final material is an off-white solid with a texture similar to modelling clay.

NAVY

A navy (or maritime force) is a fleet of waterborne military vessels (watercraft). It is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields; recent developments have included space-related operations. The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations). The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies. The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of nuclear missiles. Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy) and open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), although the distinction is more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division.

Scout rifle

The Scout Rifle is a class of general-purpose rifles defined and promoted by Jeff Cooper in the early 1980s.

These bolt action carbines are typically .308 caliber (7.62mm), less than 1 meter in length, and less than 3 kilograms (6.6 lbs.) in weight, with iron and optical sights and fitted with practical slings (such as Ching slings) for shooting and carrying, and capable of hitting man-sized targets out to 450 meters without scopes. Typically they employ forward-mounted low-power long eye relief scopes or sights to afford easy access to the top of the rifle action for rapid reloading. Steyr, Ruger, Savage, and several other gun makers now manufacture Scout rifles that roughly match Cooper's specifications.

A lifelong student of small arms, and recognized expert in the field, Cooper realized that rifles in the late 20th century differed little from those made one hundred years before, and that advances in metallurgy, optics and plastics could make the rifle a handy, light instrument "that will do a great many things equally well..."

"The general-purpose rifle will do equally well for all but specialized hunting, as well as for fighting; thus it must be powerful enough to kill any living target of reasonable size. If you insist upon a definition of 'reasonable size,' let us introduce an arbitrary mass figure of about 1,000 lb (454 kg)."^[1]

FAMAS

The first French bullpup rifles were developed between 1946 and 1950 at the AME (Atelier Mécanique de Mulhouse) and MAS, testing rounds such as .30 US Carbine, 7.92x33mm Kurz, 7.65x38mm (Made by Cartoucherie de Valence) and some other intermediate calibers^{[citation needed]}. Since France was engaged in the First Indochina War at the time, and was also the second-largest contributor to NATO, the budgets for new types of weapons were reduced and priority was given to the modernisation and production of existing service weapons. Nevertheless, approximately forty different prototypes were developed between 1952 and 1962, most of which were designed for the 7.62x51mm NATO round notably the FA-MAS Type 62 (the bayonet of which is used on the FAMAS). However the round was not found to be suitable for any bullpup designs, and consequently, none were adopted, and the ideas were set aside.^[4][5][6][7] MAS then began to manufacture under licence the H&K G3 and the H&K 33 in the 1960s and studies were reactivated to produce a weapon using the new .223/5.56mm round. But the idea to develop and use German weapons was out of question for many members of the French high command. General Marcel Bigeard, against the idea of using German weapons, visited the Manufacture d'Armes de Saint-Étienne and asked the engineers to present him the different prototypes developed. He then chose, amongst different prototypes, what would become the FAMAS.

The FAMAS project began in 1967 under the direction of Paul Tellie and the first prototype was completed in 1971, with French military evaluation of the rifle beginning in 1972.^[3] When production problems delayed the general issue of the new rifles, and with the 1978 Battle of Kolwezi showing the immediate need for a more modern weapon, the French Army began searching for a temporary rifle to fill this need until the FAMAS came into full production. The H&K 33 was considered, and a batch of 1200 examples were tested by Infantry, Airborne, Marines, Mechanised and Foreign troops, but it was ultimately turned down in favour of the SIG SG 540, built under licence by Manurhin, until enough FAMAS rifles were produced to begin general issue. The French military finally accepted the rifle in 1978 as the standard French combat weapon.

After adoption, the FAMAS F1 replaced the aging MAS 49/56 rifle and MAT-49 submachine gun, and approximately 400,000 FAMAS F1 assault rifles were produced, with production now complete. The F1 had many problems and was not completely reliable. For instance, the plastic pieces broke easily and the weapon jammed on occasions because of the poor disposable magazine concept. The first magazines were supposed to be disposables, but the budget of the French army never allowed it. The F1 was followed by the G1 that included several minor improvements such as redesigned grips, and an enlarged trigger guard for utilisation with gloves, but it remained conceptual and was never actually produced.

M4A1

The Colt M4A1 carbine is the primary weapon used by SEAL operators. A shorter, more compact version of the M16A2 rifle, it was specially designed for U.S. Special Operations Forces.  In 1994, U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and the Navy developed the Special Operations Peculiar (SOPMOD) M4A1 Accessory Kit to make this weapon exceptional in versatility, lethality, and effectiveness.  The M4A1 is a high-tech, multiple-use assault rifle that can be configured by the operator with multiple combinations of advanced optics, lasers and lighting systems for rapid and accurate target acquisition in daylight or at night.  It fires in both semi- and automatic modes, and is effective for both close-in engagements and long-range targets.  The M4A1 excels in Close Quarters Battle and Counterterrorist operations.  It fires a high-velocity 5.56mm round, essential when taking on terrorists wearing body armor or bullet-proof vests.  This rifle can also be quickly and easily converted to a grenade launcher or shotgun.

Future Version

2005-2010 Integrated Carbine – The SOPMOD Block 3 upgrade will result in a more streamlined version of the M4A1 Carbine, designated the Integrated Carbine.  It will incorporate all of the refinements for the M4A1 carbine by getting the optics and lasers off the weapon and into the weapon itself, and it will provide a thermal sighting device.  Mode switches and buttons will be integrated into the vertical grip to activate lasers, thermal and other sights, and visible light.  The thermal sighting component might very well have the ability to be linked to Joint Surveillance and Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS).